Techniques Of Public Speaking

Speaking to Kids - 3 Types of Questions You Need to Prepare For
As someone that speaks regularly to groups of childrenâ€"both large and smallâ€"I can tell you that I am constantly amazed at what goes through their little minds. Without the restraint of what would be “appropriate,â€� they tend to just let their thoughts flow. If you ever find yourself standing in front of a group of young people, get ready for three categories of questions.

Category 1: Personal Questions

Kids want to know everything, and they have no problem asking you directly. I have been asked my age, my height, my yearly income, and marital status. The income question usually takes the form of “Are you rich?� or even “Are you a millionaire?� Evidently the Harry Potter craze led them to believe that anyone who has written a book or two must be a millionaire.

But it was the age question that led to this funny exchange.

At one of my appearances a little boy raised his hand and asked, “How old are you?� I paused for a moment, trying to think of a witty response, but in the end simply answered that I was 42. There was a momentary hush, and then he muttered in authentic amazement, “Wow, that’s even older than my dad!� It still makes me chuckle.

Category 2: Professional Failure Questions

To have your ego shot down by a six year old is truly a humbling experience. Let me explain.

In my talks I try very hard to explain how the publishing world works, and how books are created. For some reason, this leads many children to assume that I must have had an entire series of horrible setbacks before arriving at my current station. My two favorites so far have been, “How does it feel when your books get rejected?� and the equally painful, “What do you do when someone hates your books?�

Nothing like a dose of salt-in-the-wound and painful-reminders to bring you back down to earth!

Category 3: The Question that’s not a Question

Kindergarten and First Grade are particularly adept at this one. It can take several forms, but let me tell you about one specific time. I gave a talk to a group of Kindergarteners that went very well. The audience was attentive. They laughed at all the right places and were quiet when they should be quiet. Then, I asked, “Does anyone have any questions on the things I’ve talked about?�

A hand shot up. A little girl in the front row. “Yes?� I said. “You have a question?�

“I have a dog.�

This was strange not simply because it was not really a question, but also because nothing in the preceding hour had anything to do with dogs, pets, or any other related topic! I hesitated only briefly before replying (brilliantly, I thought), “Interesting. Any other questions?�

Another hand shot up. “I have a dog, too.� Which was followed in rapid succession by “I have a cat,� “My Grandma has two cats,� and “My Grandma had a dog, but he died.�

Sigh.

But, for all of their strange and somewhat embarrassing questions, there is one benefit to an audience of young people. There is something that happens quite regularly at my events that you rarely see at gatherings of “adults.� After the event, as the kids are filing out of the auditorium, some little boy or girl will come up to me, not say a word, and give me a hug. You can’t buy that kind of praise with money.

Kevin Franz is the author of the successful children’s fantasy series, the Castle Rose Adventures. The first book of the series, <i>Into the Hidden Lands</i> (2004, Starbell Books, Plainfield, Illinois) was praised for its lavish illustrations, interesting footnotes and detailed maps. Since then, eager fans have been treated to four more Castle Rose books which have cleverly combined the realism of medieval castle life with the myth and magic of classic fantasy. A sixth installment--<i>A Castle Rose Christmas</i>--is scheduled for a December 2007 release. Mr. Franz is also an accomplished speaker, and regularly presents his Creative Writing Workshops to young audiences throughout Illinois and Wisconsin. <i>For information on his writing and speaking, please visit http://www.Princess-Sisters.com and click the Author Visit Info button. You can also click the Contact button to write to Mr. Franz directly.

How To Break 'The Fourth Wall' To Connect With Your Audience
Persuasive public speaking is all about connecting with your audience.
One of the quickest ways to heighten your audience connection is to use a theatre acting technique called 'Breaking the Fourth Wall.'

One of the reasons you go to the theatre is to be transported to a different time and place and experience something magical. Of course you know it's a play (or a movie), you paid a ticket to see it, but once there you've suspended disbelief.

Picture two characters on stage having a passionate argument. All of sudden, one character freezes. The other turns to the audience and remarks: 'You think he's angry now... just wait until the second act when he discovers I'm sleeping with his wife!' The audience LAUGHS. The actor then goes back 'into the scene.'

This is called 'Breaking the Fourth Wall.' In this instance, the character is drawing the audience into the scene more by giving them information that the other character is not privy too.

You can do the same thing with your public speaking to make your speech interactive and develop a deeper connection with your audience. If during your speech you have a specific point to make-- stop!

Look out into the front row, make eye contact with an audience member and, if you can, address him by name. (He'll be surprised.) Then ask him a specific question regarding the point you're trying to make.

'Chuck, you're a bright guy - I know this because you're the customer service supervisor, right? What do you say to a customer who returns an item without a receipt he bought back when Clinton was in office--and NOW demands a refund?'

Once Chuck answers, repeat his response to the whole room. Now you've made your speech interactive and taken it to a whole new level.

You've 'Broken the Fourth Wall' by a) including audience member Chuck and b) getting a laugh (hopefully) by making fun of a targeted problem that customer service reps deal with every day.

Want an even bigger response? Throughout your speech, keep referring back to Chuck when making a point. This is called a 'recall' - it will keep your audience engaged and make Chuck feel like a company celebrity.

Use these techniques when you give your next presentation and you'll no longer be perceived as just another 'talking head.' Not only will you personalize your message, but you'll delve even deeper into the hearts and minds of your listeners.

Peter "The Humorator" Fogel is a speaker/author/copywriter and humorist. He is also the creator of Peter "The Humorator" Fogel's Guide To Effective Public Speaking. For more information on his program or his FREE 7 Days To Effective Public Speaking e-course go to www.publicspeaklikeapro.com.

Fear-free public speaking
Speaking in front of others can be empowering, energizing, and often essential for success in your career or to persuade others that something should be done. Most people have the opportunity at some point, whether it’s giving a toast at a wedding, a pep talk to a sports team, a bar mitzvah talk to a congregation, a presentation at town meeting, or a formal talk to conventioneers.

Is it possible to get over a fear of speaking? Of course! People do it every day, and so can you!

A key ingredient for losing your fear:

Care for your audience. As you’re planning to give your talk stop thinking about being nervous and how you’re going to perform, and instead think only about your audience. Find out as much as you can about them. Then consider these questions:

Why have they come together as a group?
What’s in it for them to listen to you?
What are they expecting from you?

Once you have a feel for what they’re expecting, your job as speaker is to fulfill those expectations, whether it’s for information, entertainment, instruction, or an experience. Put yourself in their shoes â€" they’re expecting a speaker who confidently and engagingly shares interesting information with them. So as long as that’s what they get from you, they’ll concentrate on what you say and not on you as a person. If you’re a local celebrity, they’ll be expecting stories about you â€" so share them. Giving them what they expect actually takes their attention off you as a person and onto your information or the experience you’re sharing with them. You may feel like an actor at first, but keep concentrating on your audience’s needs and expectations, and soon you’ll lose your fear.

Of course, to have the audience focus on your message, you need to have a good talk!

So what do you say?

Once you’ve pinned down who your audience is and why they’re there, you can come up with the main point of your talk â€" the one sentence answer to the question, “What’s the talk about?â€�

For instance, let’s say you’re a professional musician who’s been asked to talk to teachers about improving arts education in the public schools. They may want to know how to find musicians who can bring their instruments to classrooms to give kids a hands-on experience.

Once you’ve got your one-sentence main point (“Contact local orchestras and chamber groups to find musicians who can come to your classroom�), you can build your whole talk around it. Make sure to tell stories (“I once played my cello in a third grade classroom and…�), bring in some data (“studies show that children who meet musicians in person often want to play an instrument�), and get your audience involved (“How many of you learned an instrument because you met a musician when you were young?).

At the end of the talk remind them of your main point and where they can get the local information they need. If you take questions from the audience, make sure to close the session with a repetition of your main point so it’s the last thing people hear. In fact, they should hear your main point many times and in many ways: at the beginning of your talk, in the body of it as you bring in new ideas, and at the end.

Presentation tips:

Now that you have a fabulous talk, it’s vital that your body language supports rather than sabotages you. As soon as you arrive at the venue your body language is giving the preamble to your actual presentation. So, as you walk into the building stand up straight, hold your head up, and smile. When you’re speaking, look audience members in the eyes, (no top-of-head-skimming!), keep hands out of pockets, don’t fiddle with your hair or tap with your pen. To keep the focus on your talk instead of you as a person, wear appropriate clothing that doesn’t draw attention to itself. This isn’t the time to wear glittery fishnets or a chartreuse shirt!

Tell your talk -- don’t read it word for word! If you need to look at notes, just jot down one-word reminders or short phrases. Reading a whole talk is the quickest way to put your audience to sleep. Even if you stumble a bit, it’s more natural and communicative to just say your talk than read it.

Do remember to breathe! Deep breaths, down below your waist, will help keep you calm and your voice under control. Drink room-temperature water to keep your mouth moist.


If you focus on your audience and your audience’s needs â€" actually care for them â€" you’re not focusing on yourself. If you’re not focusing on yourself, you won’t be nervous. It’s simple. It just takes practice!

Lisa Dale Jones is an experienced public speaking and communications coach with extensive national and international experience. She has conducted speech training and media workshops for professional speakers in London, Vienna, Heidelberg, Johannesburg, Washington DC, and Boston. For many years she was an award-winning producer and on-air talent for Monitor Radio, the broadcast edition of The Christian Science Monitor. For over four years she was Assistant Manager, in charge of speaker training, and chief editor for the Board of Lectureship, an international spirituality speakers bureau based in Boston. She lives in Brookline, Massachusetts. Copyright 2007. Speaking With Soul. All Rights Reserved.

Best Man Speech â€" Five Essential Tips
Here are five essential tips to consider when writing your best man speech:

1. Make sure that your best man speech is prepared several weeks before the day of the wedding.

2. Practice reading your speech a few times before finally performing it at the wedding reception. Read right through to a couple of friends before the big day.

3. Keep it to around five minutes in length.

4. Be careful not to offend anyone in your speech.

5. Make a copy of your speech in case you lose the original.

At a wedding the best man speech is a time-honoured tradition when he can tell all those wonderful and funny stories, even bring a tear to the best man's eye, but it can also be a frightful experience especially if the best man really does not like speaking in public.

However, giving the speech is probably the easy part, delivering the speech is more of a talent and one of the best ways to learn about the delivering is by watching others 'perform'. But there really is no need to fret, it's a skill that can easily be learnt.

The best man speech is the perfect way to put the icing on the cake for the bride and groom on their wedding day and to share with everyone present how you came to be friends.

The speech can be made more interesting by adding some inspirational quotes or a short story and should also carry a message of congratulations.

Remember that the wedding day is a family occasion, so keep any humour or one-liners clean, also keeping any dubious language out of your speech is a good idea, remember a lot of weddings these days are video taped, you don't want to look a prat for all time!

Give yourself at least one month to start slowly preparing by writing down notes on what you want to cover in your speech.
You owe it to the bride and groom, their families, and yourself, to present the best speech you possibly can.

Length of the best man speech is another important consideration. The ideal speech should be between two and seven minutes. Keep the speech short and sweet, and to the point, don't waffle on.

A sense of humour and the ability, or at least the nerve, to get up in front of a room full of people and give a speech loud and clear is your objective.

Make sure if you are going to drink alcohol to take it easy until after the best man speech is over and you are not in the spotlight, it will be obvious if you get too drunk, you'll slur your words or sway around.

People remember only a few things about a wedding; the way the bride looks, the ceremony and lastly the wedding speeches. The best man speech is a tradition at every wedding, and like all traditions, it has developed a set of rules and standards that are expected of anyone giving the speech.

If you aren't naturally a funny man, then you can find some funny speeches or quotes in books, the Internet, friends and family.

If the standard of your jokes are along the lines of: 'The wedding was a moving affair, so much so, even the wedding cake was in tiers' then you probably won't reach the required standard on your own!

Most people can't deliver a successful speech without some help and assistance and one of the best places to get it these days is online, and, for a very modest fee Dan Stevens, author of 'Best Man Speeches' can help.

If you want to be the best you know you can be <a href=" http://yourweddingspeech.googlepages.com"><b>Click Here!</b></a> If you act fast Dan's including four FREE bonus ebooks along with an eight week guarantee.

Improv Comedy for Speakers

Public speaking. For some, the mere thought of getting up in front of a group of people and presenting a speech is more terrifying than heights, snakes, or even death. Imagine how terrified those people would be if they were asked to get in front of an audience and speak with nothing prepared in advance â€" no script, no speech, no nothing.

Sound crazy? Well that is what Improvisational Comedians do every day. Improvisational (or “Improv�) Comedy is a form of theater where a group of actors take the stage with nothing prepared in advance and use audience suggestions to create instant comedy. If you have ever seen the popular television show, “Whose Line Is It Anyway?� then you have seen Improv Comedy.

The skills that allow an improviser to create instant comedy can immensely help any speaker to be more comfortable and powerful from the platform. Here are three reasons why, if you want to be a more effective speaker, you must learn how to be a great improviser:

1. Improv Comedy, at its core, is about self-expression. An Improviser has only himself on an empty stage. Every idea he puts forth comes from inside of him. The best improvisers realize this and trust their instincts and let their ideas flow out. Similarly, the best speakers realize that the audience is there to see them. Rather than hide behind other people’s ideas or style, they are 100% themselves as they speak. Many speakers make the mistake of taking acting classes to be more “dramatic� as they speak. The result is a speaker that looks fake and wooden. Audiences don’t want “dramatic;� they want natural. Practicing improv comedy techniques can help you be much more natural.
2. Improv Comedy is an interactive format. Improvisation may be the only art form where the audience is present at the time of creation. As a result, the audience’s needs, wants, and mood can be taken into account to direct the content. Great improvisers feed off of a crowd’s energy and build content the audience appreciates. The performer pays attention to the audience and makes subtle adjustments as she goes. Speakers would do well to adopt this approach. Most speakers prepare their speech in a vacuum and deliver it exactly as practiced. However, every audience is different. If a speaker pays attention to the audience as she is speaking, she can also make subtle adjustments to increase her effectiveness (adjusting pacing, energy, volume, etc) If you do this, not only will your speech be more powerful, but you will also develop that coveted “rapport and connection� with the audience.
3. Things will go wrong. A speaker who relies solely on what they’ve memorized will be easily thrown by the distractions that invariably happen. If time gets cut, or a cell phone rings, or a heckler demands attention, the speaker will have no response. To an improviser, distractions are just one more tool to use to make their point. A key improv attitude is to “go with the flow.� As a speaker, this attitude will allow you to be unflappable from the stage. You will be deemed a true professional, and audiences will admire your ability to handle interruptions.

These are just three simple ideas that are a powerful way in which improv comedy can make anyone a more powerful speaker. There are many more ways related to all aspects of speaking: content, delivery, storytelling, style, humor, etc, but these three are the perfect starting point.

If you have never done or used improv, then consider taking a class. Not only will you learn useful skills for speaking (and life), but it will be the most fun class you’ve ever taken!

For more information and specific exercises on how to use Improv Comedy to be a better speaker (and get a free 7-Day E-Course), visit http://www.improvforspeakers.com Avish Parashar is the world’s funniest (and potentially only) “Improvising Motivational Keynote Speaker� To learn more about how to bring the hilariously powerful lessons of improv comedy to your organization, visit http://www.avishparashar.com

Speaking "Secrets" Revealed: Evaluate All Speakers, Simon Cowell Style
One of the fastest (and fun!) way you can grow as a speaker is to be an active audience. Evaluate ALL speakers that come your way, Simon Cowell style! This is how you can have a clearer understanding of what separates a mediocre speaker from a good speaker, and a great speaker from a phenomenal speaker. Remember this: No matter how good or bad the speaker is, there is always something valuable to learn. This is so important that I am going to repeat it.

No matter how good or bad the speaker is, there is always something valuable to learn.

Remember all the positive things that the speaker does and try it for size. See if it works for you.

Remember all the negative things that the speaker does and avoid it at all costs. Sometimes, you may want to ask yourself how you can modify and make it effective.

All of us - at some degree - evaluate speakers. We hear them all the time: “This guy is awesome!� or “Look at how he charmed the audience…� or “Gosh, he should not have crack this joke.� etc. However these evaluations are not thorough enough to offer much teaching value. They are merely observations. In order for us to learn to be better speakers, we have to probe deeper. Question your reactions to the speakers. What the speaker do/not do to make us think he is awesome? How did the speaker charmed you? Why do you think the joke is inappropriate? By asking these questions, you will then have a deeper understanding of the speaker’s motives and also objectively evaluate (as the audience) if it is effective.

I have an extremely simple way to evaluate any speaker - Use the 5W and H. Pay full attention to the speaker and his delivery. And then ask yourself the following questions:

[WHAT]
What did the speaker do that you like/dislike? What are the speakers’ strengths and weaknesses? What are the speaker’s strategies? What causes the speaker to be successful (or not)?

[HOW]
How did these strengths/weaknesses manifest itself in the delivery? How effective are the speakers’ strategies? How can the speaker improve? How can the speaker better himself?

[WHY]
Why did this aspect of the speech puts you off/appeals to you? Why do you think the speaker select this approach/style/topic?

[WHO]
Who is his target audience? Who will benefit from the speaker’s speech/style?

[WHEN]
When was the last time you have heard a similar speech?

[WHERE]
Where in the speech did the speaker create the most impact? Where in the speech were you lost/mesmerized?

Notice all the 5W and 1H can help you generate a whole list of questions? However there is no way you can have answers for all these questions by listening to the speech once (unless you have a photographic memory). What you can do though is to record the speech so that we can re-listen to it and uncover more learning points. Having said that I would recommend that you start with three questions:

1. What did the speaker did well or badly?
2. How can I apply the good points into my speech?
3. How can I avoid making the same mistakes that speaker made?

Simpler?

As you proceed on, you will find yourself automatically looking our for strengths and weaknesses in the speaker. When you become more comfortable, you can delve deeper and begin disecting the speech. You will find youself welcoming ALL speakers even the extremely boring ones coz there will always be something to learn! You will find your growth as a speaker accelerating. You avoid mistakes committed by others. You get to experiment stuff that works. You have more chance to make new mistakes which means more room for growth! Too good to be true right? Believe it!

And more importantly, start doing it. Speakers are everywhere. They can be your daily reporter, lecturer, classmate, supervisor, door salesman, telemarketer etc. The world is your classroom!

Oh one more thing, remember to jot down your evaluations somewhere. You may want to start a journal or even a blog. Whatever it is, write them down so that you can reference them in future when you prepare your next speech. Come to think of it, we should have some kind of Speakers’ Idol!


This is one part of a series of eight articles entitled "Unleash The Speaker In You- Eight Ways To Become A Better Speaker". Get the other tips here

Eric Feng is one of the youngest international certified coach and a celebrated Toastmasters both in Singapore and Philadelphia. He won the International Humor Contest at Division Level in 2005. He has been training over 2500 students (ranging from primary to tertiary levels) and adults from corporate organizations extensively. If you are keen to gain insightful and easy-to-apply tips on public speaking, check out his <a href="http://blog.ericfeng.com">blog</a>

Choosing Your Speaker
Yikes! You have just been put in charge of developing a program for your next corporate function. Perhaps it's a trade show. Perhaps it's a conference. It might be a company meeting or a product launch. Whatever the event, your program will stand or fall on

- The audience
- The purpose of the meeting
- The topics of the sessions
- The presenters or speakers

The audience and the purpose of the meeting will determine the topics, and all three will determine who your speakers should be.

"But David, shouldn't we hire the biggest name possible â€" the speaker with the biggest 'star appeal'?"

Not necessarily. If the main purpose of your speaker is to draw attendance, then you want the biggest name possible for one of your slots â€" a Jerry Seinfeld or Jay Leno or Nicole Kidman or maybe an ex-President.

However, you will still need many other speakers. Star appeal is a powerful factor, but there are more important factors:

How well does he or she know the topic you need addressed? Often a respected but decidedly "unfamous" expert is a better pick than someone out of Hollywood. You can learn a lot about speakers by reviewing their biographies online. As an example, here is Bruce Jenner's online bio.

How well can the speaker learn to understand your audience? This is important, since the speaker might already have addressed a similar audience. Or he might be willing to take the time to understand who your audience is and what their experiences have been. Or maybe not. A key question to ask..."Will you arrive early enough to be briefed about what has already transpired at our event, so that you can work it into your speech?" Then write it into the speaker's contract.

How well does the speaker speak? This is important because the most famous person who has just discovered the cure for cancer or won a dozen gold medals at the Olympics might not be able to utter an intelligible word. Make sure the famous speaker or recognized expert can really speak well. Ask to see a real video at a real speaking engagement. Even better, take the speaker for a test drive. Ask to attend an upcoming speaking engagement.

What is the speaker's speaking style? Not every speaker matches your audience. Some audiences and some topics call for an energetic motivational style. Others call for a more informative style. Some audiences will react better to a laid-back style. To be sure, boring is out, no matter what the audience, but there are different styles that can engage an audience, but not all of them will work with every audience.

Ask for references you can call...references with similar audience characteristics. Then make the call and ask what went well and what could have been improved. If something did not go well, it could be a sign that the speaker is not ideal, or it could be an indication of something you need to do to make sure she or he is ideal.

Is the speaker willing to provide an outline of the speech ahead of time? It is important for you to know what the speaker will cover and to make suggestions if necessary. It's your program and you know what needs to be covered.

Is the speaker willing to go the extra mile? Sometimes the best speaker is the one who will commit to staying an hour after the event to answer questions from shy participants or from those with long-winded or multi-part questions. Or a speaker, especially one who is already well-known, can add value by greeting people as they enter the hall. Or perhaps they can also add some excitement to a spouses' program.

Of course, budget is always important. If you need to pay for a dozen speakers with a limited budget, don't try to book Dr. Phil for one of your slots. You can do a quick search for speakers by fee range at All American Speakers Bureau to start your budget planning.

A speakers bureau can help you navigate many of these issues, both more quickly and more effectively than you can yourself. Once you make known your concerns and questions, the speakers bureau can quickly pull out those speakers most likely to fit your needs and respond to your demands.

Choosing the right speaker is critical, if you want your audience to walk away feeling that they have gained something from the event. Take the time to ask the right questions and hire the right speaker.

David Leonhardt is a freelance writer and marketing consultant. He works with <a href=http://www.allamericanspeakers.com>All American Sports Speakers Bureau</a>, with <a href=http://www.goldmedalgreats.com>GMG Olympic athlete sports speakers</a> and <a href=http://www.celebrityhealthlink.com/>Celebrity Health Link medical experts and spokespersons</a>.

Parental Incest
Parental Incest When either one parent is not available for sexual or emotional needs of the other parent in the household, parental incest occur. The present parent may substitute the child for the missing wife or husband. The mother or father who is not around will not be able to check on his wife or husband’s activities. Although in some culture incest is done and is required in a family clan, it can still have a negative psychological effect to a child. Clinical statistics in the U.S. shows that more than five million children are sexually abuse in spite the fact that incest is a taboo in nature. Covert parental Incest is also called psychological or emotional incest. It is defined when a child is being seduced by a parent. It is considered a violation because it puts a demand on a child to fulfill a role of a parent or a spouse. It is usually called “special relationship� by the assaulting parent. Psychologist often points out that there is a role reversal being done in an incest relationship, where the parent tries to give a pseudo-respect and pseudo-maturity like a peer partner to a child to meet his needs. Covert incest is distinguished to be harmful to a child because it denies him or her the proper parenting and betrays his or her innocence. The parent demands the child to do parent obligations.

T. Joseph Hauenstien webnewsb@webnewsblog.com SEO & Web Marketing Consultant http://www.linkbuilding.net http://www.webnewsblog.com http://www.cubefiles.com

Eliminate The Stutterings
Some people lose confidence upon facing other people due to a speech problem known as stuttering. This is a severe condition in speech that experiences problems in fluency. Its symptoms include the person's facial muscles becoming tensed as he or she tries to speak. This is very common to children who are just beginning to talk. Stuttering is a disfluency that causes them to repeat some of their words' syllables. Although this is normal, the severity can cause concern for some parents.

This speech problem starts in the early childhood while they are at their developing stage and some would stutter at least ten to fifteen per cent of their total speech. Though, this does not affect one's intellect, it affects one's social state, especially when they begin to date and mingle with other people. It is for this reason that others would opt to be loners and just choose a career that does not involve meeting people.

There are inconsistent degrees of stuttering. Some people do not stutter when they do other special skills like dancing or singing or even delivering a declamation piece. There are also those who do not stutter on good days but just start to stutter on other days.

There are two important things that a stutterer should keep in mind when trying to communicate in order to prevent stuttering:

1. Thinking of all the things before starting to talk is helpful. This makes the person more sure of the words and things that will be coming out of his mouth. According to a recent study, people who have this speech defect are often more intelligent than those who are not. The only problem is that, since they think too fast at times, their mouth is left behind; thus, stuttering begins. The rhythm of their speech does not coincide on how they think. That is why thinking first is highly advisable. Begin with just trying to slow down when trying to talk. It must be how the head is thinking. Once this is practiced, speed of speech can be practiced to normal.

2. Say the words mentally first. Practicing what is about to be said is helpful prior to saying it out loud to others. This is called aural visualization, the same technique successful people are doing when they try to visualize their positive future and success even before it starts to happen. Literally, say the words and hear every single word in your mind before saying it loudly.

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What is Rhetoric?
According to most dictionaries Rhetoric is the art of using the language and directing language skills in oral or written communication. To be well understood a person has to effectively communicate taking into account the listener’s background and abilities to perceive. Study of rhetoric is goaled to develop communication abilities as language has become one of the most important inventions of mankind. Through communication abilities people pass knowledge to each other. However, the audience decides to keep or refuse the knowledge that a rhetorician is trying to pass. The term “rhetoric� was first introduced by Greeks who used it to explain a crucial political talent to use the language persuasively. Rhetoric theories have been developed for more than 2,000 years and people still have a lot of doubts of what is rhetoric and how it works. Nowadays, rhetoric is based on a conception of reality, of human nature, and of language .To make it more comprehendible rhetoric is a closed system of defining what can, and cannot, be known; the nature of the knower; the nature of the relationship between the knower, the known, and the audience; and the nature of language. Rhetoric is thus ultimately implicated in all a society attempts. It is at the center of a culture's activities. Now, looking at rhetorics of a particular society we can understand whom are we talking to and how should we talk to make it easy to understand us. As I have mentioned before rhetoric has many theories to it, however, the most significant ones are transactional theories. What they basically say is that knowledge and understanding come from interaction between rhethor and the audience. It does not necessarily have to be an oral speech. The written sources are also developed using rhetoric. Thus, rhetoric is in the base of knowledge and acquiring this knowledge. Traditionally rhetoric was viewed as the art of persuasion. However, some add an idea of rhetoric as epistemic. The assumption that rhetoric as the persuasion to truth is faulty. Plato said that if there is truth and it can be understood by some, what is the purpose of rhetoric? The idea was proposed as "the dynamic of elite." This elite would know the truth and explain it to the masses. Idea of rhetoric-as-epistemic requires individual participation in knowing. Knowledge is dependent on the experiences of the community. The very part of knowing is being committed to what one knows. The commitment is created as knowledge. Truth is the knowledge in a temporal sense. This argument is used to bring the audience and speaker to an even level. The speaker and the audience unlock themselves to each other and using a trade of opinions along with the understanding that is dissimilar from their starting point. Rhetoric is viewed as a power that creates the truth and at the same time reliant on the truths that come with the sense of beginning. There is not the slightest possibility that people can communicate without sharing knowledge and other way around, share knowledge without communication. When we talk, write, wave to somebody we pass some information to responders without even thinking about it. However, the knowledge is not quite identical for everyone. That is where the major complexity in observing rhetoric as epistemic comes from. Different groups of people use different symbols that mean different things. It is when the second part of episteme (the first is knowledge) understanding is mandatory. When two groups of people have understood each other only then they can share knowledge. The purpose of rhetoric will be epistemic will live as long as the communication itself. Although, there is still a great number of discussions that are going on about rhetoric as epistemic; and it will be that way as long as people would be able to use their communicative and analytical skills.

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